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4.0 RESULTS
4.1 NOMINAL PARTICLE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY
The average particle removal efficiencies for each in-duct air cleaner are summarized in Table 4.1. The removal efficiency results for individual tests are tabulated in Appendix A. Note that because the downstream measurement was taken from a supply duct, the removal efficiencies reported here include filtration as well as deposition of particles within the AHU.

Eight people were sickened Tuesday after construction workers accidentally released carbon monoxide in their building.
Montgomery County Fire spokesman Pete Piringer tells WTOP Radio the fumes built up as the workers were using gasoline powered tools at an apartment complex in the 5400 block of Wisconsin Avenue.
Piringer says the people realized they were feeling sick after a carbon monoxide alarm went off. Carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms are often mistaken for the flu.
The building was partially evacuated, but residents were allowed back in after the building was ventilated.
Two woman was taken to the hospital as a precaution, but Piringer says others were feeling better after getting some fresh air.
(Copyright 2005 by WTOP Radio. All Rights Reserved.)
CHEVY CHASE, Md. -- Two people were sickened Tuesday after construction workers accidentally released carbon monoxide in their building.
Montgomery County Fire spokesman Pete Piringer tells WTOP Radio the fumes built up as the workers were using gasoline powered tools at an apartment complex in the 5400 block of Wisconsin Avenue.
Piringer says the people realized they were feeling sick after a carbon monoxide alarm went off. Carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms are often mistaken for the flu.

Removal efficiency was directly related to particle size for a given air cleaner. With the 1-inch in-duct filter, less than 1% of particles below 0.5 μm were removed, 3% of particles between 0.5 & 1 μm, 21% of particles between 1 & 3 μm, 55% of particles between 3 & 5 μm, 74% of particles between 5 & 10 μm, & 79% of particles between 10 & 20 μm. A similar trend was observed for each of the other in-duct air cleaners, although the range of efficiency across particle size bins differed among air cleaners. For instance, removal efficiency across particle size bins was most consistent for Trane CleanEffects™/American Standard AccuClean™ compared to other in-duct air cleaners, varying from 90.1% for 0.3 – 0.5 μm aerosols to 98.4% for 5 – 10 μm aerosols.
The nominal removal efficiency varied among air cleaners for a given particle size as well. The in-duct air cleaners ranked from highest to lowest removal efficiency for a given particle size are as follows: Trane CleanEffects™, EAC, 5-inch, & 1-inch. This
Environmental Health & Engineering Project #13603 Whole House Air Cleaning Process Page #26
rank order is most apparent for the 0.3 – 0.5 μm size bin where the removal efficiencies are approximately 90%, 40%, 15%, & 0%, respectively. The differences among in-duct air cleaners were smaller for the larger particle size bins although the rank order was preserved.
4.2 WHOLE HOUSE AEROSOL REMOVAL RATE AND CLEAN AIR DELIVERY RATE
4.2.1 Fine Check Dust
The average whole house particle removal rates determined from tests with the fine dust standard are summarized in this section. Results for the 10 – 20 μm particles are not presented because the particle number concentrations were low & could not be quantified precisely.
Overall, the greatest whole house particle removal rates among the in-duct & portable air cleaners were observed for Trane CleanEffects™. Referring to results based on particle number concentrations measured by the Climet device near the HVAC return (Table 4.2), the average kac of 0.3 – 0.5 micron particles for Trane CleanEffects™/American
-1
Standard AccuClean™ was 7.2 per hour (hr ). The next greatest kac in the 0.3 – 0.5 μm
-1
range was achieved by the electronic air cleaner (4.6 hr ). A single HEPA-filtered portable
-1 -1
air cleaner (1.4 hr ) & an in-duct 5-inch filter (1.5 hr ) had approximately identical kac for
0.3 – 0.5 micron particles. Operation of 5 HEPA-filtered portable air cleaners produced a whole house removal rate (3.9 hr-1) for 0.3 – 0.5 micron particles that approached the performance of the EAC but was 3.3 hr -1 lower than Trane CleanEffects™. Representative decay curves for Trane CleanEffects™/American Standard AccuClean™ versus the other in-duct air cleaners & portable air cleaners are shown in Figures 4.1 & 4.2.
Examination of the remaining portions of Table 4.2 shows that Trane CleanEffects™/American Standard AccuClean™ achieved the greatest removal rate for each size section of particles. The 5-10 micron particle range was an exception where 5 portable HEPA units produced a particle removal rate slightly greater than Trane
TM
CleanEffects . Operation of 3 portable ionic air cleaners yielded a removal rate that
-1
ranged from 0 to approximately 1 hr depending on particle size.
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WHCADR for each combination of air cleaner & particle size is also summarized in Table
4.2 & is directly related to whole house kac. In the 0.3 – 0.5 μm section, Trane CleanEffects™/American Standard AccuClean™ had an average WHCADR of 1,171 cfm, compared to the next highest WHCADR of 750 cfm attained by the EAC. Operation of a single HEPA-filter portable air cleaner produced an average WHCADR of approximately 230 cfm.
Detailed information on the particle removal rate & related parameters for each check are presented in Appendix D. As shown in Appendix E, whole house particle removal & tidy air delivery rates determined from the APS measurements in the dining room were similar to those obtained from the Climet device with which it was collocated. Note that APS results for the 5 – 10 μm section are thought about unreliable because of the low particle counts & little number of tests for which decay rates could be estimated.